Verb Tenses

Present Indicative (Presente)

Used for actions happening now or habitual actions.

Example: Parlare (To speak)

• Io parlo (I speak)
• Tu parli (You speak)
• Lui/Lei parla (He/She speaks)
• Noi parliamo (We speak)
• Voi parlate (You speak)
• Loro parlano (They speak)

Present Perfect (Passato Prossimo)

Used for actions completed in the recent past or having effects on the present. Formed with auxiliary (essere or avere) + past participle.

Examples:

• Ho mangiato (I ate / I have eaten)
• Sono andato/a (I went / I have gone)

Imperfect (Imperfetto)

Used to describe habitual actions in the past, descriptions, or actions in progress in the past.

Examples:

• Mangiavo (I used to eat / I was eating)
• C’era il sole (It was sunny)

Future Simple (Futuro Semplice)

Used for actions that will happen in the future.

Examples:

• Parlerò (I will speak)
• Andremo (We will go)

Present Conditional (Condizionale Presente)

Used to express desires, possibilities, or advice.

Examples:

• Vorrei (I would like)
• Dovresti (You should)